Enhancing Radiology Training with Virtual and Augmented Reality: A Prospective Evaluation of Educational Outcomes and Skill Acquisition

Background: Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies have emerged as promising tools in radiology training, offering immersive, interactive learning experiences. While traditional teaching methods rely on static 2D images and didactic lectures, VR/AR enables spatial visualization, real-time feedback, and simulated procedural practice. This study evaluates the effectiveness of VR/AR-assisted training in radiology compared to traditional methods, focusing on diagnostic accuracy, procedural competency, knowledge retention, and trainee engagement. This is study to assess whether VR/AR training improves diagnostic interpretation, procedural skill acquisition, and trainee engagement more effectively than conventional training methods in radiology education. Material and Methods: This prospective, comparative study was conducted over 12 months at a tertiary medical institution, enrolling 80 radiology trainees. Participants were randomized into VR/AR-based (n=40) and traditional (n=40) training groups. Training outcomes were assessed through pre- and post-training diagnostic accuracy tests, procedural competency evaluations, and engagement surveys. Statistical analyses included paired and independent t-tests, ANOVA, and regression modelling to evaluate performance trends and subgroup differences. Findings Diagnostic accuracy improved significantly in the VR/AR group (64.2% to 87.3%, p < 0.001) compared to the traditional group (63.9% to 79.1%, p < 0.001). Procedural competency scores (10-point scale) were higher post-training in the VR/AR group (8.4 vs. 6.9, p < 0.001). VR/AR trainees exhibited steeper learning curves (final accuracy: 88% vs. 80%, p < 0.01). Engagement scores were significantly higher in the VR/AR group (4.7/5 vs. 3.8/5, p < 0.01). VR/AR-assisted training significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy, procedural proficiency, and trainee engagement, making it a valuable addition to radiology education. The study supports integrating VR/AR modules into curricula, particularly for junior trainees who demonstrated the greatest benefit.